Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Practice Exam

What is the underlying cause of ALL pressure ulcers?

1. Constant friction

2. Continuous pressure on one area

3. Temperature fluctuations

4. Poor blood circulation

The correct answer is: Continuous pressure on one area

The underlying cause of all pressure ulcers is continuous pressure on one area of the body. Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, occur when there is prolonged pressure that hampers blood flow to the area of the skin. This pressure can occur when an individual is confined to a bed or wheelchair for an extended period without any change in position. The lack of blood flow results in skin and tissue damage, leading to ulcer formation. While friction, temperature changes, and poor circulation can contribute to the development or worsening of pressure ulcers, they are not the root cause. The primary mechanism behind the development of these ulcers is the uninterrupted pressure exerted on specific areas, which is why it is essential for caregivers to regularly reposition individuals at risk to relieve that pressure and promote healthy blood circulation.