Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Practice Exam

The respiratory system is affected by aging due to

1. Increased lung capacity

2. Strengthening of immune response

3. Loss of the elasticity in the lungs and weakening of the muscles

4. Improved cough reflex

The correct answer is: Loss of the elasticity in the lungs and weakening of the muscles

The correct answer highlights a significant change in the respiratory system that occurs with aging: the loss of elasticity in the lungs and the weakening of the respiratory muscles. As people age, the elastic tissues in the lungs become stiffer, making it more difficult for them to expand and contract effectively, which reduces overall lung capacity and efficiency in gas exchange. Additionally, the respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, may weaken, leading to further challenges in breathing and ventilation. These physiological changes predispose older adults to respiratory illnesses and can complicate existing conditions. In contrast, aging does not lead to increased lung capacity or an improved cough reflex, and there is typically a decline in the immune response rather than a strengthening of it. These factors further underscore the importance of understanding the respiratory changes associated with aging, as they directly influence the care needs of older adults.